In this article we delve into defining sunshine , its calculation and basic features. Adopt design measures bioclimatic in our projects is a opportunity that we must not miss. Being able to take advantage of your benefits provides many advantages over constructions not designed in a coherent way.
To solve the practical case of calculating a eaves first we will make a quick introduction and guide sunshine in flat architecture for a better understanding of the exercise in a global way.
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Understanding and measuring the apparent path of the sun is a need that professionals must understand. We can define how “Study that allows us to determine in what periods of the year and at what times a urban space or the different plans of a building receive direct solar radiation”. But… How does the Sun in architectural spaces?
The sunlight scheme with the movement of the Sun are represented in what is called a sun chart . To understand it, first little diagram and then a little video :
Now that we have the basics, we need to know the path of the sun placing us in the center of the land for which we have another tool interactive for sunbathing . (So much is tools like the one above were created by The Nebraska Astronomy Applet Project and we can see the path of the sun in Buenos Aires, Spain or any point we want. We can access the interactive application to see the positions of the sun from HERE in the first image and from HERE the second. )
Solar diagram in perspective of the application where we see
We should mention that the two curves that intersect at animation are the equator and the ecliptic (curved line where "transcurre" the sun). To finish understanding all aspects related to sunlight we can access this fantastic graphic manual HERE (Remember that it is explained from the position of Latin America, where the North is sunny and South is shaded, the opposite of Spain)
The simplest model is the design of an eave of the roof . For this example we will locate ourselves in the city of Mar del Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, with a south latitude of 38° and west longitude of 57.5°. (Can check the trajectory of the sun anywhere in the world in a very useful portal that is sunearthtools.com where we will also find other applications of utility )
If we see the image that contains a diagram sunlight , for the city of Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires), we will observe that in the solar trajectory the sun rises around 30º to the southeast before summer and other 30º to the northeast in winter. Which presents us with a ask…. How many times does the sun rise in the East?… Twice per year.
Another point to note is that the black line in summer travels more than 14 h (Represented by the black dots) and in winter travels only a few hours, obtaining the variation of the length of the day.
The useful case lies in determining the height and length that our roof eaves will have to maximize the capture of direct solar energy in winter and shelter us in the summer . For this you can use the polar diagram graph or the following Cartesian diagram . (The cartesian diagram of the solar trajectory we can find it for free at http://solardat.uoregon.edu/ in addition to different tools that can help us to execute the sunshine diagram )
We can recognize in the previous image that:
The purple color of the image determines the angle that we want to prevent the sun from affecting us. why we adopt the 53º to rule out the sun and not others degrees? … The 53º are “arbitrary”, that is, it is select the dates of the year that you need to protect yourself from the sun It will depend on each place where we carry out the project. With the dates and times you decide the angle to adopt.
Now, in order to design the ceiling that covers the surface glazed (53º) we will have to work in plan and section as the following images.
To finish, we will mark on the plan where the ceiling (55º) and we will proceed to graph it in the projection cylindrical (Be careful with the orientation of the wall, the example is north). If we look at the graph we can see that a few hours of intense sun – between 2 and 3 p.m. in summer – they affect us. We could solve it by increasing the eave towards that side or with a vertical parasol.
To understand more features we can access the bioclimatic facades article where we talk about the general aspects and orientation of the house.
We can learn more with architecture articles bioclimatic and the urban manual of bioclimatic design.
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Article prepared by Gabriel Salas (Architect – Teacher and/or researcher, lover of natural life and sustainable) Access to its website ggsalas.com . fits emphasize that this article forms the union of two articles published on the portal Redminka . ( Movement of the sun with interactive animations and How to design an eave? )
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